Files
motor_params/AD_Keil_Project/tools/ad_terminal.py

1307 lines
44 KiB
Python

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Command line Modbus RTU terminal for the AD Keil project."""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import cmd
import csv
import dataclasses
import re
import shlex
import sys
import time
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Iterable
DEFAULT_BAUD = 512000
DEFAULT_SLAVE = 1
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 0.5
DEFAULT_POLARITY = 1
DEFAULT_POLE_PAIRS = 1
DEFAULT_PHASE_SHUNT_OHM = 0.1
DEVICE_ID = 0xAD01
class TerminalError(Exception):
"""User-facing terminal error."""
class ModbusError(TerminalError):
"""Modbus transport or protocol error."""
class ModbusExceptionError(ModbusError):
def __init__(self, function: int, code: int) -> None:
super().__init__(
f"Modbus exception: function=0x{function:02X}, code={code} "
f"({MODBUS_EXCEPTIONS.get(code, 'unknown')})"
)
self.function = function
self.code = code
@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
class Register:
addr: int
name: str
access: str
factor: float | None = None
unit: str = ""
signed: bool = False
enum: dict[int, str] | None = None
flags: dict[int, str] | None = None
note: str = ""
MODBUS_EXCEPTIONS = {
1: "illegal function",
2: "illegal data address",
3: "illegal data value",
4: "server device failure",
}
MODES = {
0: "IDLE",
1: "STATOR_RESISTANCE",
2: "NO_LOAD_MAGNETIZING",
3: "LOCKED_ROTOR_LEAKAGE",
4: "INERTIA_FRICTION",
5: "DATA_LOGGING",
6: "PWM_TEST_UH",
7: "PWM_TEST_UL",
8: "PWM_TEST_VH",
9: "PWM_TEST_VL",
10: "PWM_TEST_WH",
11: "PWM_TEST_WL",
12: "PWM_TEST_ALL",
13: "AUTO_IDENTIFICATION",
14: "ROTATION_3HZ",
}
MODE_ALIASES = {
"idle": 0,
"stop": 0,
"rs": 1,
"stator": 1,
"stator_resistance": 1,
"no_load": 2,
"magnetizing": 2,
"locked": 3,
"locked_rotor": 3,
"inertia": 4,
"friction": 4,
"log": 5,
"logging": 5,
"data": 5,
"data_logging": 5,
"uh": 6,
"ul": 7,
"vh": 8,
"vl": 9,
"wh": 10,
"wl": 11,
"all": 12,
"pwm_all": 12,
"auto": 13,
"auto_id": 13,
"auto_identification": 13,
"rotation": 14,
"rot": 14,
"rotation_3hz": 14,
}
STATUS_FLAGS = {
0: "ACTIVE",
1: "POWER_TEST_BLOCKED",
2: "POWER_STAGE_ARMED",
3: "FAULT_LATCHED",
4: "TIMEOUT",
5: "LOCKED_ROTOR_BLOCKED",
6: "SAFETY_LIMITS_UNKNOWN",
7: "DATA_VALID",
8: "COMPLETE",
}
FAULT_FLAGS = {
0: "OVERCURRENT",
1: "OVERVOLTAGE",
2: "UNDERVOLTAGE",
3: "OVERTEMPERATURE",
4: "DRIVER",
5: "EMERGENCY_STOP",
6: "TIMEOUT",
7: "NULL_INPUT",
}
MEAS_STATUS_FLAGS = {
0: "OVERCURRENT",
1: "OVERVOLTAGE",
2: "UNDERVOLTAGE",
3: "OVERTEMPERATURE",
4: "DRIVER_FAULT",
5: "EMERGENCY_STOP",
}
VALID_FLAGS = {
0: "RS",
1: "RR",
2: "LS",
3: "LR",
4: "LM",
5: "LL",
6: "J",
7: "B",
8: "NOMINALS",
9: "POLE_PAIRS",
}
PWM_OUTPUTS = {
0: "NONE",
1: "UH",
2: "UL",
3: "VH",
4: "VL",
5: "WH",
6: "WL",
7: "ALL",
}
ID_STAGES = {
0: "IDLE",
1: "SETTLE",
2: "MEASURE",
3: "PULSE",
4: "ACCEL",
5: "COAST",
}
TIMING_MODES = {0: "UP", 1: "CENTER"}
MOTOR_TYPES = {0: "AD_SINE", 1: "BLDC_6STEP"}
POLARITY_FLAGS = {0: "MAIN_INVERTED", 1: "COMP_INVERTED"}
REGISTERS = [
Register(0x0000, "device_id", "R", enum={DEVICE_ID: "AD device"}),
Register(0x0001, "protocol_version", "R"),
Register(0x0002, "control_enable", "R/W", enum={0: "disabled", 1: "enabled"}),
Register(0x0003, "control_mode", "R/W", enum=MODES),
Register(0x0004, "control_reset_faults", "W", note="write 1 to reset faults"),
Register(0x0005, "control_stop", "W", note="write 1 to stop"),
Register(0x0006, "control_locked_rotor_allowed", "R/W", enum={0: "no", 1: "yes"}),
Register(0x0007, "control_pwm_duty", "R/W", factor=0.0001, unit="duty"),
Register(0x0008, "limit_current", "R/W", factor=0.01, unit="A"),
Register(0x0009, "limit_overvoltage", "R/W", factor=0.1, unit="V"),
Register(0x000A, "limit_undervoltage", "R/W", factor=0.1, unit="V"),
Register(0x000B, "limit_speed", "R/W", unit="rpm"),
Register(0x000C, "limit_temperature", "R/W", factor=0.1, unit="C", signed=True),
Register(0x000D, "control_rotation_freq", "R/W", factor=0.1, unit="Hz"),
Register(0x000E, "control_rotation_mod", "R/W", factor=0.0001, unit="mod"),
Register(0x000F, "control_pwm_polarity_flags", "R/W", flags=POLARITY_FLAGS),
Register(0x0010, "status_mode", "R", enum=MODES),
Register(0x0011, "status_flags_lo", "R", flags=STATUS_FLAGS),
Register(0x0012, "status_flags_hi", "R"),
Register(0x0013, "fault_flags_lo", "R", flags=FAULT_FLAGS),
Register(0x0014, "fault_flags_hi", "R"),
Register(0x0015, "power_stage_allowed", "R", enum={0: "no", 1: "yes"}),
Register(0x0016, "test_running", "R", enum={0: "no", 1: "yes"}),
Register(0x0017, "inverter_pwm_running", "R", enum={0: "no", 1: "yes"}),
Register(0x0018, "inverter_service_output", "R", enum=PWM_OUTPUTS),
Register(0x0019, "inverter_id_stage", "R", enum=ID_STAGES),
Register(0x001A, "control_pwm_timing_mode", "R/W", enum=TIMING_MODES),
Register(0x001B, "control_motor_control_type", "R/W", enum=MOTOR_TYPES),
Register(0x001E, "control_rotation_ramp_ms", "R/W", unit="ms"),
Register(0x001F, "control_reset_current_peaks", "W", note="write 1 to reset phase current peaks"),
Register(0x0020, "meas_ia", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A", signed=True),
Register(0x0021, "meas_ib", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A", signed=True),
Register(0x0022, "meas_ic", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A", signed=True),
Register(0x0023, "meas_vdc", "R", factor=0.1, unit="V"),
Register(0x0024, "meas_temp", "R", factor=0.1, unit="C", signed=True),
Register(0x0025, "meas_status_lo", "R", flags=MEAS_STATUS_FLAGS),
Register(0x0026, "meas_status_hi", "R"),
Register(0x0027, "meas_speed", "R", unit="rpm", signed=True),
Register(0x0028, "meas_ia_rms", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A"),
Register(0x0029, "meas_ib_rms", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A"),
Register(0x002A, "meas_ic_rms", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A"),
Register(0x002B, "meas_torque", "R", factor=0.001, unit="Nm", signed=True),
Register(0x002C, "meas_ia_peak", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A"),
Register(0x002D, "meas_ib_peak", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A"),
Register(0x002E, "meas_ic_peak", "R", factor=0.001, unit="A"),
Register(0x002F, "meas_slip", "R", factor=0.01, unit="%", signed=True),
Register(0x0030, "param_valid_mask_lo", "R", flags=VALID_FLAGS),
Register(0x0031, "param_valid_mask_hi", "R"),
Register(0x0032, "param_rs", "R", factor=0.001, unit="ohm"),
Register(0x0033, "param_ls_lo", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x0034, "param_ls_hi", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x0035, "param_ll_lo", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x0036, "param_ll_hi", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x0037, "param_rr", "R", factor=0.001, unit="ohm"),
Register(0x0038, "param_lr_lo", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x0039, "param_lr_hi", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x003A, "param_lm_lo", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x003B, "param_lm_hi", "R", unit="uH"),
Register(0x003C, "param_j_lo", "R", unit="nkg*m2"),
Register(0x003D, "param_j_hi", "R", unit="nkg*m2"),
Register(0x003E, "param_b_lo", "R", unit="nNm*s"),
Register(0x003F, "param_b_hi", "R", unit="nNm*s"),
Register(0x0040, "param_pole_pairs", "R/W", unit="pairs"),
Register(0x0041, "param_phase_shunt", "R/W", factor=0.001, unit="ohm"),
]
REGISTER_BY_ADDR = {reg.addr: reg for reg in REGISTERS}
REGISTER_BY_NAME = {reg.name: reg.addr for reg in REGISTERS}
REGISTER_ALIASES = {
"enable": 0x0002,
"mode": 0x0003,
"reset": 0x0004,
"reset_faults": 0x0004,
"stop": 0x0005,
"locked": 0x0006,
"locked_rotor": 0x0006,
"duty": 0x0007,
"current": 0x0008,
"overvoltage": 0x0009,
"undervoltage": 0x000A,
"speed_limit": 0x000B,
"temp_limit": 0x000C,
"freq": 0x000D,
"rotation_freq": 0x000D,
"rotation_mod": 0x000E,
"ramp": 0x001E,
"ramp_ms": 0x001E,
"rotation_ramp": 0x001E,
"rotation_ramp_ms": 0x001E,
"reset_peaks": 0x001F,
"reset_current_peaks": 0x001F,
"polarity": 0x000F,
"status": 0x0011,
"faults": 0x0013,
"ia": 0x0020,
"ib": 0x0021,
"ic": 0x0022,
"vdc": 0x0023,
"temp": 0x0024,
"rpm": 0x0027,
"torque": 0x002B,
"ia_peak": 0x002C,
"ib_peak": 0x002D,
"ic_peak": 0x002E,
"slip": 0x002F,
"slip_percent": 0x002F,
"valid": 0x0030,
"rs": 0x0032,
"rr": 0x0037,
"pole_pairs": 0x0040,
"poles": 0x0040,
"pairs": 0x0040,
"phase_shunt": 0x0041,
"phase_shunt_ohm": 0x0041,
"phase_shunt_mohm": 0x0041,
"param_phase_shunt_mohm": 0x0041,
"rshunt": 0x0041,
"shunt": 0x0041,
}
def require_serial_module():
try:
import serial # type: ignore[import-not-found]
except ModuleNotFoundError as exc:
raise TerminalError(
"pyserial is not installed. Install it with: "
"python -m pip install -r AD_Keil_Project\\tools\\requirements-ad-terminal.txt"
) from exc
return serial
def crc16_modbus(data: bytes | bytearray) -> int:
crc = 0xFFFF
for byte in data:
crc ^= byte
for _ in range(8):
if crc & 0x0001:
crc = (crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001
else:
crc >>= 1
crc &= 0xFFFF
return crc
def add_crc(frame: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes:
crc = crc16_modbus(frame)
return bytes(frame) + bytes((crc & 0xFF, (crc >> 8) & 0xFF))
def check_crc(frame: bytes | bytearray) -> bool:
if len(frame) < 4:
return False
expected = frame[-2] | (frame[-1] << 8)
return crc16_modbus(frame[:-2]) == expected
def to_s16(value: int) -> int:
value &= 0xFFFF
return value - 0x10000 if value & 0x8000 else value
def u16(value: int) -> int:
if not 0 <= value <= 0xFFFF:
raise TerminalError(f"value out of uint16 range: {value}")
return value
def u32_from_words(lo: int, hi: int) -> int:
return (lo & 0xFFFF) | ((hi & 0xFFFF) << 16)
def parse_int(text: str) -> int:
try:
return int(text, 0)
except ValueError as exc:
raise TerminalError(f"not an integer: {text}") from exc
def argparse_int(text: str) -> int:
try:
return parse_int(text)
except TerminalError as exc:
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(exc)) from exc
def normalize_key(text: str) -> str:
return text.strip().lower().replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
def parse_register_address(text: str) -> int:
key = normalize_key(text)
if key in REGISTER_BY_NAME:
return REGISTER_BY_NAME[key]
if key in REGISTER_ALIASES:
return REGISTER_ALIASES[key]
if key.startswith("ad_modbus_reg_"):
key = key.removeprefix("ad_modbus_reg_")
if key in REGISTER_BY_NAME:
return REGISTER_BY_NAME[key]
if key in REGISTER_ALIASES:
return REGISTER_ALIASES[key]
match = re.fullmatch(r"h?0*([0-9]{1,3})", key)
if match:
value = int(match.group(1), 10)
else:
value = parse_int(text)
if 40001 <= value <= 40066:
value -= 40001
if not 0 <= value <= 0xFFFF:
raise TerminalError(f"register address out of range: {text}")
return value
def parse_u16_value(text: str) -> int:
return u16(parse_int(text))
def parse_mode(text: str) -> int:
key = normalize_key(text)
if key in MODE_ALIASES:
return MODE_ALIASES[key]
for value, name in MODES.items():
if key == name.lower():
return value
value = parse_int(text)
if value not in MODES:
raise TerminalError(f"unknown AD mode: {text}")
return value
def parse_timing(text: str) -> int:
key = normalize_key(text)
if key in ("up", "edge", "0"):
return 0
if key in ("center", "centre", "1"):
return 1
raise TerminalError(f"unknown PWM timing mode: {text}")
def parse_motor_type(text: str) -> int:
key = normalize_key(text)
if key in ("ad", "sine", "ad_sine", "0"):
return 0
if key in ("bldc", "6step", "six_step", "bldc_6step", "1"):
return 1
raise TerminalError(f"unknown motor control type: {text}")
def scaled_u16(value: float, factor: float, field: str) -> int:
raw = int(round(value / factor))
if not 0 <= raw <= 0xFFFF:
raise TerminalError(f"{field} out of register range: {value}")
return raw
def pole_pairs_u16(value: float) -> int:
raw = float(value)
rounded = int(raw)
if raw != float(rounded):
raise TerminalError(f"pole pairs must be an integer: {value}")
if not 0 <= rounded <= 64:
raise TerminalError(f"pole pairs out of range 0..64: {value}")
return rounded
def format_float(value: float, factor: float) -> str:
if factor >= 1:
decimals = 0
else:
decimals = min(6, max(0, len(str(factor).split(".")[-1].rstrip("0"))))
return f"{value:.{decimals}f}"
def decode_flags(value: int, names: dict[int, str]) -> str:
active = [name for bit, name in sorted(names.items()) if value & (1 << bit)]
return ", ".join(active) if active else "none"
def format_reg_value(addr: int, value: int) -> str:
reg = REGISTER_BY_ADDR.get(addr)
if reg is None:
return f"0x{value:04X}"
raw = to_s16(value) if reg.signed else value
parts: list[str] = []
if reg.factor is not None:
parts.append(f"{format_float(raw * reg.factor, reg.factor)} {reg.unit}".rstrip())
elif reg.unit and reg.unit not in ("uH", "nkg*m2", "nNm*s"):
parts.append(f"{raw} {reg.unit}")
if reg.enum:
parts.append(reg.enum.get(value, "unknown"))
if reg.flags:
parts.append(decode_flags(value, reg.flags))
if not parts:
if reg.name == "device_id":
parts.append(f"0x{value:04X}")
else:
parts.append(str(raw))
return " | ".join(parts)
def print_table(headers: list[str], rows: Iterable[Iterable[object]]) -> None:
materialized = [[str(cell) for cell in row] for row in rows]
widths = [len(header) for header in headers]
for row in materialized:
for idx, cell in enumerate(row):
widths[idx] = max(widths[idx], len(cell))
print(" ".join(header.ljust(widths[idx]) for idx, header in enumerate(headers)))
print(" ".join("-" * width for width in widths))
for row in materialized:
print(" ".join(cell.ljust(widths[idx]) for idx, cell in enumerate(row)))
class ModbusRTUClient:
def __init__(
self,
port: str,
baudrate: int = DEFAULT_BAUD,
slave: int = DEFAULT_SLAVE,
timeout: float = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
debug: bool = False,
) -> None:
self.port = port
self.baudrate = baudrate
self.slave = slave
self.timeout = timeout
self.debug = debug
self.serial = None
def __enter__(self) -> "ModbusRTUClient":
serial = require_serial_module()
self.serial = serial.Serial(
port=self.port,
baudrate=self.baudrate,
bytesize=8,
parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
timeout=self.timeout,
write_timeout=self.timeout,
)
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> None:
if self.serial is not None:
self.serial.close()
self.serial = None
def _read_exact(self, size: int) -> bytes:
assert self.serial is not None
data = self.serial.read(size)
if len(data) != size:
raise ModbusError(f"timeout waiting for {size} bytes, got {len(data)}")
return bytes(data)
def _request(self, function: int, payload: bytes) -> bytes:
assert self.serial is not None
request = add_crc(bytes((self.slave, function)) + payload)
if self.debug:
print(f"> {request.hex(' ')}")
self.serial.reset_input_buffer()
self.serial.write(request)
self.serial.flush()
head = self._read_exact(2)
response_function = head[1]
if response_function & 0x80:
response = head + self._read_exact(3)
elif response_function == 0x03:
byte_count = self._read_exact(1)
response = head + byte_count + self._read_exact(byte_count[0] + 2)
elif response_function in (0x06, 0x10):
response = head + self._read_exact(6)
else:
raise ModbusError(f"unexpected response function: 0x{response_function:02X}")
if self.debug:
print(f"< {response.hex(' ')}")
if not check_crc(response):
raise ModbusError(f"bad CRC in response: {response.hex(' ')}")
if response[0] != self.slave:
raise ModbusError(f"unexpected slave address: {response[0]}")
if response_function & 0x80:
raise ModbusExceptionError(response_function & 0x7F, response[2])
if response_function != function:
raise ModbusError(
f"unexpected response function: expected 0x{function:02X}, "
f"got 0x{response_function:02X}"
)
return response
def read_holding(self, address: int, quantity: int) -> list[int]:
if not 1 <= quantity <= 60:
raise TerminalError("quantity must be 1..60")
payload = bytes(
(
(address >> 8) & 0xFF,
address & 0xFF,
(quantity >> 8) & 0xFF,
quantity & 0xFF,
)
)
response = self._request(0x03, payload)
byte_count = response[2]
if byte_count != quantity * 2:
raise ModbusError(f"unexpected byte count: {byte_count}")
data = response[3 : 3 + byte_count]
return [(data[i] << 8) | data[i + 1] for i in range(0, len(data), 2)]
def write_single(self, address: int, value: int) -> None:
value = u16(value)
payload = bytes(
(
(address >> 8) & 0xFF,
address & 0xFF,
(value >> 8) & 0xFF,
value & 0xFF,
)
)
response = self._request(0x06, payload)
if response[2:6] != payload:
raise ModbusError("write echo does not match request")
def write_multiple(self, address: int, values: list[int]) -> None:
if not values:
raise TerminalError("write-many needs at least one value")
if len(values) > 59:
raise TerminalError("too many registers for one write")
words = bytearray()
for value in values:
value = u16(value)
words.extend(((value >> 8) & 0xFF, value & 0xFF))
quantity = len(values)
payload = bytes(
(
(address >> 8) & 0xFF,
address & 0xFF,
(quantity >> 8) & 0xFF,
quantity & 0xFF,
len(words),
)
) + bytes(words)
response = self._request(0x10, payload)
if response[2] != ((address >> 8) & 0xFF) or response[3] != (address & 0xFF):
raise ModbusError("write-many address echo does not match request")
echoed_quantity = (response[4] << 8) | response[5]
if echoed_quantity != quantity:
raise ModbusError("write-many quantity echo does not match request")
def list_ports() -> None:
require_serial_module()
from serial.tools import list_ports as pyserial_list_ports # type: ignore[import-not-found]
ports = list(pyserial_list_ports.comports())
if not ports:
print("No serial ports found.")
return
rows = []
for port in ports:
rows.append([port.device, port.description, port.hwid])
print_table(["port", "description", "hwid"], rows)
def resolve_port(args: argparse.Namespace) -> str:
port = getattr(args, "port", None)
if not port:
raise TerminalError("serial port is required; use --port COMx or --port auto")
if port.lower() != "auto":
return port
require_serial_module()
from serial.tools import list_ports as pyserial_list_ports # type: ignore[import-not-found]
candidates = [item.device for item in pyserial_list_ports.comports()]
for candidate in candidates:
try:
with ModbusRTUClient(
candidate,
baudrate=args.baud,
slave=args.slave,
timeout=args.timeout,
debug=False,
) as client:
regs = client.read_holding(0, 2)
if regs and regs[0] == DEVICE_ID:
print(f"Using {candidate}")
return candidate
except TerminalError:
continue
except Exception:
continue
raise TerminalError("AD board was not found on available serial ports")
def open_client(args: argparse.Namespace) -> ModbusRTUClient:
return ModbusRTUClient(
resolve_port(args),
baudrate=args.baud,
slave=args.slave,
timeout=args.timeout,
debug=args.debug,
)
def print_registers(values: list[int], start: int) -> None:
rows = []
for offset, value in enumerate(values):
addr = start + offset
reg = REGISTER_BY_ADDR.get(addr)
rows.append(
[
f"{addr:04d}",
f"0x{addr:04X}",
f"400{addr + 1:02d}",
reg.name if reg else "?",
reg.access if reg else "?",
f"{value}",
f"0x{value:04X}",
format_reg_value(addr, value),
]
)
print_table(["dec", "hex", "4x", "name", "rw", "raw", "hexval", "value"], rows)
def command_ping(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
regs = client.read_holding(0, 2)
print_registers(regs, 0)
if regs[0] != DEVICE_ID:
raise TerminalError(f"unexpected device id: 0x{regs[0]:04X}")
print("OK")
def command_read(client: ModbusRTUClient, address_text: str, quantity: int) -> None:
address = parse_register_address(address_text)
values = client.read_holding(address, quantity)
print_registers(values, address)
def command_write(client: ModbusRTUClient, address_text: str, value_text: str) -> None:
address = parse_register_address(address_text)
value = parse_u16_value(value_text)
client.write_single(address, value)
print(f"Wrote {REGISTER_BY_ADDR.get(address, Register(address, '?', '?')).name} "
f"(0x{address:04X}) = {value} / 0x{value:04X}")
def command_write_many(
client: ModbusRTUClient, address_text: str, value_texts: list[str]
) -> None:
address = parse_register_address(address_text)
values = [parse_u16_value(value) for value in value_texts]
client.write_multiple(address, values)
print(f"Wrote {len(values)} registers from 0x{address:04X}")
def print_status(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
values = client.read_holding(0x0010, 12)
status = u32_from_words(values[1], values[2])
faults = u32_from_words(values[3], values[4])
rows = [
["mode", f"{values[0]} ({MODES.get(values[0], 'unknown')})"],
["status", f"0x{status:08X} ({decode_flags(status, STATUS_FLAGS)})"],
["faults", f"0x{faults:08X} ({decode_flags(faults, FAULT_FLAGS)})"],
["power_stage_allowed", format_reg_value(0x0015, values[5])],
["test_running", format_reg_value(0x0016, values[6])],
["pwm_running", format_reg_value(0x0017, values[7])],
["service_output", format_reg_value(0x0018, values[8])],
["id_stage", format_reg_value(0x0019, values[9])],
["pwm_timing", format_reg_value(0x001A, values[10])],
["motor_control", format_reg_value(0x001B, values[11])],
]
print_table(["field", "value"], rows)
def read_measurement_registers(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> list[int]:
try:
return client.read_holding(0x0020, 16)
except ModbusExceptionError as exc:
if exc.code not in (2, 3):
raise
try:
return client.read_holding(0x0020, 15) + [0]
except ModbusExceptionError as exc:
if exc.code not in (2, 3):
raise
return client.read_holding(0x0020, 12) + [0, 0, 0, 0]
def read_measurement_dict(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> dict[str, object]:
values = read_measurement_registers(client)
meas_status = u32_from_words(values[5], values[6])
return {
"ia_A": to_s16(values[0]) * 0.001,
"ib_A": to_s16(values[1]) * 0.001,
"ic_A": to_s16(values[2]) * 0.001,
"vdc_V": values[3] * 0.1,
"temp_C": to_s16(values[4]) * 0.1,
"meas_status": meas_status,
"speed_rpm": to_s16(values[7]),
"ia_rms_A": values[8] * 0.001,
"ib_rms_A": values[9] * 0.001,
"ic_rms_A": values[10] * 0.001,
"torque_Nm": to_s16(values[11]) * 0.001,
"ia_peak_A": values[12] * 0.001,
"ib_peak_A": values[13] * 0.001,
"ic_peak_A": values[14] * 0.001,
"slip_percent": to_s16(values[15]) * 0.01,
}
def print_measurements(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
data = read_measurement_dict(client)
rows = [
["ia_A", f"{data['ia_A']:.3f}"],
["ib_A", f"{data['ib_A']:.3f}"],
["ic_A", f"{data['ic_A']:.3f}"],
["vdc_V", f"{data['vdc_V']:.1f}"],
["temp_C", f"{data['temp_C']:.1f}"],
["speed_rpm", data["speed_rpm"]],
["ia_rms_A", f"{data['ia_rms_A']:.3f}"],
["ib_rms_A", f"{data['ib_rms_A']:.3f}"],
["ic_rms_A", f"{data['ic_rms_A']:.3f}"],
["ia_peak_A", f"{data['ia_peak_A']:.3f}"],
["ib_peak_A", f"{data['ib_peak_A']:.3f}"],
["ic_peak_A", f"{data['ic_peak_A']:.3f}"],
["torque_Nm", f"{data['torque_Nm']:.3f}"],
["slip_percent", f"{data['slip_percent']:.2f}"],
[
"meas_status",
f"0x{int(data['meas_status']):08X} "
f"({decode_flags(int(data['meas_status']), MEAS_STATUS_FLAGS)})",
],
]
print_table(["measurement", "value"], rows)
def read_parameter_registers(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> list[int]:
try:
return client.read_holding(0x0030, 18)
except ModbusExceptionError as exc:
if exc.code not in (2, 3):
raise
try:
return client.read_holding(0x0030, 17) + [0]
except ModbusExceptionError as exc:
if exc.code not in (2, 3):
raise
return client.read_holding(0x0030, 16) + [0, 0]
def print_params(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
values = read_parameter_registers(client)
valid = u32_from_words(values[0], values[1])
params = {
"Rs_ohm": values[2] * 0.001,
"Ls_H": u32_from_words(values[3], values[4]) * 1e-6,
"Ll_H": u32_from_words(values[5], values[6]) * 1e-6,
"Rr_ohm": values[7] * 0.001,
"Lr_H": u32_from_words(values[8], values[9]) * 1e-6,
"Lm_H": u32_from_words(values[10], values[11]) * 1e-6,
"J_kg_m2": u32_from_words(values[12], values[13]) * 1e-9,
"B_Nm_s": u32_from_words(values[14], values[15]) * 1e-9,
"pole_pairs": values[16],
"phase_shunt_ohm": values[17] * 0.001,
}
rows = [["valid_mask", f"0x{valid:08X} ({decode_flags(valid, VALID_FLAGS)})"]]
rows.extend([key, f"{value:.9g}"] for key, value in params.items())
print_table(["parameter", "value"], rows)
def start_values(args: argparse.Namespace) -> tuple[int, list[int], list[int], int, int, int]:
mode = parse_mode(args.mode)
locked = 1 if args.locked_rotor or mode == 3 else 0
main_block = [
scaled_u16(args.duty, 0.0001, "duty"),
scaled_u16(args.current_limit, 0.01, "current limit"),
scaled_u16(args.overvoltage, 0.1, "overvoltage limit"),
scaled_u16(args.undervoltage, 0.1, "undervoltage limit"),
scaled_u16(args.speed_limit, 1.0, "speed limit"),
scaled_u16(args.temp_limit, 0.1, "temperature limit"),
scaled_u16(args.rotation_freq, 0.1, "rotation frequency"),
scaled_u16(args.rotation_mod, 0.0001, "rotation modulation"),
u16(args.polarity & 0x0003),
]
control_block = [parse_timing(args.timing), parse_motor_type(args.motor)]
pole_pairs = pole_pairs_u16(args.pole_pairs)
phase_shunt = scaled_u16(args.phase_shunt_ohm, 0.001, "phase shunt")
return mode, [locked], main_block + control_block, u16(args.rotation_ramp_ms), pole_pairs, phase_shunt
def write_optional_single(client: ModbusRTUClient, address: int, value: int) -> bool:
try:
client.write_single(address, value)
return True
except ModbusExceptionError as exc:
if exc.code in (2, 3):
return False
raise
def stop_compatible(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> bool:
client.write_single(0x0002, 0)
return write_optional_single(client, 0x0005, 1)
def print_optional_register_warning(
stop_supported: bool,
reset_supported: bool,
ramp_supported: bool,
pole_pairs_supported: bool,
phase_shunt_supported: bool,
) -> None:
missing = []
if not stop_supported:
missing.append("0x0005 stop")
if not reset_supported:
missing.append("0x0004 reset")
if not ramp_supported:
missing.append("0x001E ramp")
if not pole_pairs_supported:
missing.append("0x0040 pole_pairs")
if not phase_shunt_supported:
missing.append("0x0041 phase_shunt")
if missing:
print(f"Warning: firmware skipped optional register(s): {', '.join(missing)}")
def command_start(client: ModbusRTUClient, args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
mode, locked_values, values, ramp_value, pole_pairs_value, phase_shunt_value = start_values(args)
main_values = values[:9]
tail_values = values[9:]
stop_supported = stop_compatible(client)
reset_supported = write_optional_single(client, 0x0004, 1)
client.write_single(0x0006, locked_values[0])
client.write_multiple(0x0007, main_values)
client.write_multiple(0x001A, tail_values)
ramp_supported = write_optional_single(client, 0x001E, ramp_value)
pole_pairs_supported = write_optional_single(client, 0x0040, pole_pairs_value)
phase_shunt_supported = write_optional_single(client, 0x0041, phase_shunt_value)
client.write_single(0x0003, mode)
client.write_single(0x0002, 1)
print(f"Started mode {mode} ({MODES.get(mode, 'unknown')})")
print_optional_register_warning(
stop_supported,
reset_supported,
ramp_supported,
pole_pairs_supported,
phase_shunt_supported,
)
def command_stop(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
stop_supported = stop_compatible(client)
print("Stop requested")
if not stop_supported:
print("Warning: 0x0005 stop register is not supported; used control_enable=0")
def command_reset(client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
reset_supported = write_optional_single(client, 0x0004, 1)
print("Fault reset requested")
if not reset_supported:
print("Warning: 0x0004 reset register is not supported")
def command_log(client: ModbusRTUClient, args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
headers = [
"host_time_s",
"ia_A",
"ib_A",
"ic_A",
"vdc_V",
"temp_C",
"speed_rpm",
"ia_rms_A",
"ib_rms_A",
"ic_rms_A",
"ia_peak_A",
"ib_peak_A",
"ic_peak_A",
"torque_Nm",
"slip_percent",
"meas_status",
]
csv_file = None
writer = None
if args.csv:
csv_path = Path(args.csv)
csv_file = csv_path.open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
writer = csv.DictWriter(csv_file, fieldnames=headers)
writer.writeheader()
print(f"Writing CSV to {csv_path}")
else:
print(",".join(headers))
try:
count = 0
while args.count == 0 or count < args.count:
data = read_measurement_dict(client)
row = {
"host_time_s": f"{time.time():.3f}",
"ia_A": f"{float(data['ia_A']):.3f}",
"ib_A": f"{float(data['ib_A']):.3f}",
"ic_A": f"{float(data['ic_A']):.3f}",
"vdc_V": f"{float(data['vdc_V']):.1f}",
"temp_C": f"{float(data['temp_C']):.1f}",
"speed_rpm": data["speed_rpm"],
"ia_rms_A": f"{float(data['ia_rms_A']):.3f}",
"ib_rms_A": f"{float(data['ib_rms_A']):.3f}",
"ic_rms_A": f"{float(data['ic_rms_A']):.3f}",
"ia_peak_A": f"{float(data['ia_peak_A']):.3f}",
"ib_peak_A": f"{float(data['ib_peak_A']):.3f}",
"ic_peak_A": f"{float(data['ic_peak_A']):.3f}",
"torque_Nm": f"{float(data['torque_Nm']):.3f}",
"slip_percent": f"{float(data['slip_percent']):.2f}",
"meas_status": f"0x{int(data['meas_status']):08X}",
}
if writer:
writer.writerow(row)
csv_file.flush()
else:
print(",".join(str(row[key]) for key in headers))
count += 1
time.sleep(args.interval)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nLog stopped")
finally:
if csv_file:
csv_file.close()
def command_regs(filter_text: str | None) -> None:
rows = []
needle = normalize_key(filter_text) if filter_text else None
for reg in REGISTERS:
haystack = f"{reg.addr} {reg.name} {reg.access} {reg.note}".lower()
if needle and needle not in haystack:
continue
rows.append(
[
f"{reg.addr:04d}",
f"0x{reg.addr:04X}",
f"400{reg.addr + 1:02d}",
reg.name,
reg.access,
reg.unit,
reg.note,
]
)
print_table(["dec", "hex", "4x", "name", "rw", "unit", "note"], rows)
class ADShell(cmd.Cmd):
intro = "AD Modbus terminal. Type help or ? to list commands."
prompt = "ad> "
def __init__(self, client: ModbusRTUClient) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.client = client
def _run(self, func, *args) -> None:
try:
func(*args)
except TerminalError as exc:
print(f"error: {exc}")
def do_ping(self, line: str) -> None:
"ping: read device id and protocol version"
self._run(command_ping, self.client)
def do_read(self, line: str) -> None:
"read ADDR [QTY]: read holding registers"
args = shlex.split(line)
if not args:
print("usage: read ADDR [QTY]")
return
try:
quantity = parse_int(args[1]) if len(args) > 1 else 1
except TerminalError as exc:
print(f"error: {exc}")
return
self._run(command_read, self.client, args[0], quantity)
def do_write(self, line: str) -> None:
"write ADDR VALUE: write one holding register"
args = shlex.split(line)
if len(args) != 2:
print("usage: write ADDR VALUE")
return
self._run(command_write, self.client, args[0], args[1])
def do_status(self, line: str) -> None:
"status: show AD mode, flags and inverter state"
self._run(print_status, self.client)
def do_measure(self, line: str) -> None:
"measure: show current measurements"
self._run(print_measurements, self.client)
def do_params(self, line: str) -> None:
"params: show identified motor parameters"
self._run(print_params, self.client)
def do_stop(self, line: str) -> None:
"stop: request stop"
self._run(command_stop, self.client)
def do_reset(self, line: str) -> None:
"reset: reset latched AD faults"
self._run(command_reset, self.client)
def do_regs(self, line: str) -> None:
"regs [FILTER]: list known holding registers"
args = shlex.split(line)
command_regs(args[0] if args else None)
def do_start(self, line: str) -> None:
"start MODE [key=value ...]: start AD test mode"
try:
args = parse_shell_start(line)
except TerminalError as exc:
print(f"error: {exc}")
return
self._run(command_start, self.client, args)
def do_log(self, line: str) -> None:
"log [INTERVAL] [COUNT]: stream measurements to stdout"
parts = shlex.split(line)
try:
args = argparse.Namespace(
interval=float(parts[0]) if len(parts) >= 1 else 0.5,
count=int(parts[1]) if len(parts) >= 2 else 0,
csv=None,
)
except ValueError as exc:
print(f"error: {exc}")
return
self._run(command_log, self.client, args)
def do_quit(self, line: str) -> bool:
"quit: leave terminal"
return True
def do_exit(self, line: str) -> bool:
"exit: leave terminal"
return True
def do_EOF(self, line: str) -> bool:
print()
return True
def parse_shell_start(line: str) -> argparse.Namespace:
parts = shlex.split(line)
if not parts:
raise TerminalError("usage: start MODE [duty=0.08] [current=10] [...]")
values = {
"mode": parts[0],
"duty": 0.08,
"current_limit": 10.0,
"overvoltage": 60.0,
"undervoltage": 0.0,
"speed_limit": 1000.0,
"temp_limit": 85.0,
"rotation_freq": 3.0,
"rotation_mod": 0.35,
"rotation_ramp_ms": 3000,
"polarity": DEFAULT_POLARITY,
"timing": "center",
"motor": "ad",
"pole_pairs": DEFAULT_POLE_PAIRS,
"phase_shunt_ohm": DEFAULT_PHASE_SHUNT_OHM,
"locked_rotor": False,
}
for token in parts[1:]:
if "=" not in token:
values["duty"] = float(token)
continue
key, raw_value = token.split("=", 1)
key = normalize_key(key)
if key in ("current", "current_limit"):
values["current_limit"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("ov", "overvoltage"):
values["overvoltage"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("uv", "undervoltage"):
values["undervoltage"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("speed", "speed_limit"):
values["speed_limit"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("temp", "temperature", "temp_limit"):
values["temp_limit"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("freq", "rotation_freq"):
values["rotation_freq"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("mod", "rotation_mod"):
values["rotation_mod"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("ramp", "ramp_ms", "rotation_ramp", "rotation_ramp_ms"):
values["rotation_ramp_ms"] = parse_int(raw_value)
elif key == "duty":
values["duty"] = float(raw_value)
elif key == "polarity":
values["polarity"] = parse_int(raw_value)
elif key == "timing":
values["timing"] = raw_value
elif key == "motor":
values["motor"] = raw_value
elif key in ("pole_pairs", "poles", "pairs"):
values["pole_pairs"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("phase_shunt", "phase_shunt_ohm", "rshunt", "shunt"):
values["phase_shunt_ohm"] = float(raw_value)
elif key in ("locked", "locked_rotor"):
values["locked_rotor"] = raw_value.lower() in ("1", "yes", "true", "on")
else:
raise TerminalError(f"unknown start option: {key}")
return argparse.Namespace(**values)
def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="AD project Modbus RTU terminal (USART2/ST-LINK VCP, 115200 8N1)."
)
parser.add_argument("--port", help="serial port, for example COM7; use auto to probe")
parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=DEFAULT_BAUD, help="baudrate")
parser.add_argument("--slave", type=int, default=DEFAULT_SLAVE, help="Modbus slave id")
parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=float, default=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, help="serial timeout, s")
parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="print raw Modbus frames")
sub = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command")
sub.add_parser("ports", help="list serial ports")
regs = sub.add_parser("regs", help="list known AD holding registers")
regs.add_argument("filter", nargs="?")
sub.add_parser("ping", help="read device id and protocol version")
read = sub.add_parser("read", help="read holding registers")
read.add_argument("address")
read.add_argument("quantity", nargs="?", type=int, default=1)
write = sub.add_parser("write", help="write one holding register")
write.add_argument("address")
write.add_argument("value")
write_many = sub.add_parser("write-many", help="write sequential holding registers")
write_many.add_argument("address")
write_many.add_argument("values", nargs="+")
sub.add_parser("status", help="show AD status and faults")
sub.add_parser("measure", help="show measurements")
sub.add_parser("params", help="show identified motor parameters")
sub.add_parser("stop", help="request stop")
sub.add_parser("reset", help="reset faults")
start = sub.add_parser("start", help="prepare limits and start mode")
start.add_argument("mode", help="mode number/name, e.g. logging, uh, auto, rotation")
start.add_argument("--duty", type=float, default=0.08)
start.add_argument("--current-limit", type=float, default=10.0)
start.add_argument("--overvoltage", type=float, default=60.0)
start.add_argument("--undervoltage", type=float, default=0.0)
start.add_argument("--speed-limit", type=float, default=1000.0)
start.add_argument("--temp-limit", type=float, default=85.0)
start.add_argument("--rotation-freq", type=float, default=3.0)
start.add_argument("--rotation-mod", type=float, default=0.35)
start.add_argument("--rotation-ramp-ms", type=argparse_int, default=3000)
start.add_argument("--polarity", type=argparse_int, default=DEFAULT_POLARITY)
start.add_argument("--timing", default="center", help="up or center")
start.add_argument("--motor", default="ad", help="ad or bldc")
start.add_argument("--pole-pairs", type=float, default=DEFAULT_POLE_PAIRS)
start.add_argument("--phase-shunt-ohm", type=float, default=DEFAULT_PHASE_SHUNT_OHM)
start.add_argument("--locked-rotor", action="store_true")
log = sub.add_parser("log", help="stream measurements")
log.add_argument("--interval", type=float, default=0.5)
log.add_argument("--count", type=int, default=0, help="0 means forever")
log.add_argument("--csv", help="write CSV file instead of stdout")
sub.add_parser("shell", help="interactive terminal")
return parser
def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
parser = build_parser()
args = parser.parse_args(argv)
try:
if args.command == "ports":
list_ports()
return 0
if args.command == "regs":
command_regs(args.filter)
return 0
if args.command is None:
if args.port:
args.command = "shell"
else:
parser.print_help()
return 0
with open_client(args) as client:
if args.command == "ping":
command_ping(client)
elif args.command == "read":
command_read(client, args.address, args.quantity)
elif args.command == "write":
command_write(client, args.address, args.value)
elif args.command == "write-many":
command_write_many(client, args.address, args.values)
elif args.command == "status":
print_status(client)
elif args.command == "measure":
print_measurements(client)
elif args.command == "params":
print_params(client)
elif args.command == "start":
command_start(client, args)
elif args.command == "stop":
command_stop(client)
elif args.command == "reset":
command_reset(client)
elif args.command == "log":
command_log(client, args)
elif args.command == "shell":
ADShell(client).cmdloop()
else:
parser.error(f"unknown command: {args.command}")
except TerminalError as exc:
print(f"error: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
return 2
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nInterrupted", file=sys.stderr)
return 130
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())